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Read Me What to read 1801-1825

< 1751-1800 | 1826-1850 >

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Early 19th Century

Henry Walter BATES (1825-1892) Reference: Lefalophodon
The Naturalist on the River Amazon (1863)

Thomas Henry HUXLEY (1825-1895) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: The Huxley File T. H. Huxley advocated scientism--that is, the belief that there is no area of human experience or understanding into which science will not eventually advance, or which the scientific method will be unable to explain. --John Derbyshire, The New Criterion, February 2003, p. 14
Administrative Nihilism
Animal Automatism
Bishop Berkeley on the Metaphysics of Sensation
The Coming of Age of "The Origin of Species"
Descartes' "Discourse on Method"
Educational Value of the Natural History Sciences
Emancipation--Black and White
Evolution and Ethics
Letter to J. G. T. Sinclair (July 21, 1890)
A Liberal Education
A Lobster, or the Study of Geology
Natural Rights and Political Rights
On the Method of Zadig
On the Natural Inequality of Man
Relations of Man to the Lower Animals
Science and the Christian Tradition
The Struggle for Existence in Human Society

Sydney DOBELL (1824-1874)
The Ballad of Keith of Ravelston (in England in Time of War 1856)

Wilkie COLLINS (1824-1889) Etext: The Online Books Page
The Moonstone
The Woman in White
No Name

George MACDONALD (1824-1905) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: Partridge
Lilith
At the Back of the North Wind

Sandor PETOFI (1823-1849)
Poems

Alexander Nikolayevich OSTROVSKY (1823-1886) Etext: The Online Books Page
One star: The Thunderstorm (Groza 1860) deals with life in a provincial town on the Volga, with its vindictiveness and narrow-mindedness. A wild, poetic girl called Katya falls in love with a man not her husband, and suffers the consequences... --Philip Ward, A Lifetime's Reading (1982) p. 36

Ernst RENAN (1823-1892) Etext: Project Gutenberg
The Life of Jesus (1863)

Edward Augustus FREEMAN (1823-1892) Etext: The Online Books Page
History of the Norman Conquest (1867-1876)

Francis PARKMAN (1823-1893) Etext: The Online Books Page
One star: France and England in North America
The California and Oregon Trail

Coventry PATMORE (1823-1896) Etext: The Online Books Page
The Unknown Eros (1877)

Alfred Russel WALLACE (1823-1913) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: Smith Criticism: Rosen | Schilthuizen | Berry
Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro (1853) In the company of Henry Walter Bates, the famous naturalist, explorer and writer, Alfred Russel Wallace spent four years from 1848 to 1852 in the Amazon basin. --J. A. Hammerton, Outline of Great Books (1937), p. 1084

Matthew ARNOLD (1822-1888) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: AAP
One star: Literature and Dogma (1873)
One star: Culture and Anarchy His concept of artistic excellence and of its critical appreciation by an educated elite provided the principal rationale for the teaching of the humanities for the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. --Keith Windschuttle, The New Criterion, January 2002, p. 13
Dover Beach
Empedocles on Aetna
Function of Criticism at the Present Time
Letter to Lady de Rothschild
Mixed Essays
On Translating Homer
Spinoza and the Bible
Study of Poetry
Thomas Gray
To a Friend

Gregor Johann MENDEL (1822-1884) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Armstrong
Experiments in Plant Hybridization (1866)

Louis PASTEUR (1822-1895) Etext: The Online Books Page
Treatise on the Fermentation Known as Lactic (1857)

Edmond GONCOURT (1822-1896) and Jules de GONCOURT (1830-1870)
Journal (1851)

Sir Francis GALTON (1822-1911) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: post
Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development (1883)

Henry Thomas BUCKLE (1821-1862) Etext: The Online Books Page
History of Civilization in England (1857, 1861)

Charles BAUDELAIRE (1821-1867) Etext: Reference: Criticism: post
Poems
One star: Flowers of Evil (1857)
Paris Spleen

Frederick Goddard TUCKERMAN (1821-1873)
"The Cricket" (1950)

Gustave FLAUBERT (1821-1880) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Delasanta
Three stars: Madame Bovary (1857) Criticism: James | Dirda | Byatt Bovary herself is a frustrated Romantic, who finds no fulfillment in her marriage to a country doctor, and hardly any more in affairs with a local landowner and lawyer's clerk. --Philip Ward, A Lifetime's Reading (1982) p. 25
Salammbo (1862)
Two stars: Sentimental Education (L'Education Sentimentale 1869) Flaubert himself considered that the novel was doomed to popular failure because it destroys illusions, ironically reversing the 'sentimental' in favour of the realistic, and the Naturalistic novelist Huysmans called it the Bible of his school. --Philip Ward, A Lifetime's Reading (1982) p. 20
A Simple Soul (Un Couer Simple 1877) from 'Three Tales' ('Trois Contes')

Henri Frederic AMIEL (1821-1881) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: BQ
Fragments of an Intimate Journal (1882)

Fyodor Mikhailovich DOSTOEVSKY [or Dostoyevsky] (1821-1881) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: post
White Nights (1848)
Notes from the Underground (1864)
Three stars: Crime and Punishment (1866)
One star: The Idiot (1868-69)
The Possessed or The Devils (1872)
Three stars: The Brothers Karamazov (Brat'ya Karamazovy 1880) He was keenly and painfully conscious of the spiritual malaise of modern man, whom he saw as becoming progressively more estranged from the sources of his being as he becomes more and more masterful in scientific techniques. --Seymour Cain, Religion and Theology (1961), p. 233 The question that he asks more and more insistently as the novel sweeps toward its climactic end is whether Dmitri, the Russian, the 'passionate heart', is really innocent in spite of all his excesses, while Ivan, the Europeanized Karamazov, the intellectual, is guilty of terrible crimes such as blasphemy and parricide. ----Peter Wolff, Philosophy of Law and Jurisprudence (1961), p. 230 The background was the turbulent Russia at the end of the 1870s, and the driving force was Dostoevsky's belief in the Orthodox Church as a redeemer of the nation in the face of anarchy. --Philip Ward, A Lifetime's Reading (1982) p. 14

Sir Richard Francis BURTON (1821-1890) Etext: The Online Books Page Thus his explorations in India, Arabia, Africa, and South America were notable for their breadth of personal encounter and their depth of informed observation. --John Reader, National Review, December 7, 1998, p. 68
One star: Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah (1855-1856)

Hermann von HELMHOLTZ (1821-1894) Etext: The Online Books Page
On the Conservation of Force (1847)

Friedrich ENGELS (1820-1895) Etext: Reference: Criticism: post
Three stars: Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848) [with Karl MARX]
Anti-Duhring
Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844
Origin of the Family
The German Ideology [with Karl MARX]

Herbert SPENCER (1820-1903) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Shapin | Francis
Social Statics (1851)
First Principles (1862)
Principles of Biology (1864-67)
Principles of Ethics (1879-93)
The Man versus the State (1884)
Autobiography (1904)

Arthur Hugh CLOUGH (1819-1861)
Poems

Gottfried KELLER (1819-1890) Etext: Reference: post
Green Henry
Tales

Walt WHITMAN (1819-1892) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: post
Three stars: Leaves of Grass (1855)
One star: Democratic Vistas (1871)
One star: A Backward Glance O'er Traveled Roads (1888)
Notes Left Over (1892)
Specimen Days (1892)

John RUSKIN (1819-1900) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: Collingwood's Life
Modern Painters (1843) Ruskin was writing to advance the cause of J. M. W. Turner, who he believed was a great painter because he painted nature truthfully, in its greatness. That summary flattens considerably what Ruskin wrote, but it explains why there is so much of what we'd call 'nature writing' in a book ostensibly about art. --Phyllis Rose, 'Ruskin's Power', The American Scholar, Spring 2003, p. 88
The Stones of Venice ...he set out to show how Venice's great Gothic buildings emerged from a sound culture and how Venetian architecture became decadent along with the Venetian Republic. --Phyllis Rose, 'Ruskin's Power', The American Scholar, Spring 2003, p. 89
Sesame and Lilies (1863)
One star: Praeterita (1886-88) Then, when he had used himself in educating, when he was perpetually sad and indeed intermittently insane, he wrote on of the most beautiful autobiographies of all time, 'Praeterita'--things past. 'Praeterita' has the distinction of being the only work Ruskin wrote with the intention of PLEASING his readers. --Phyllis Rose, 'Ruskin's Power', The American Scholar, Spring 2003, p. 96
Unto This Last
The Queen of the Air
The Crown of Wild Olive
An Idealist's Arraignment of the Age
Seven Lamps of Architecture
Time and Tide

George ELIOT (Mary Anne Cross Evans, 1819-1880) Etext: Criticism: post She felt no call to found a new school of morals. --Edith Wharton
One star: Adam Bede (1859)
One star: The Mill on the Floss (1860)
One star: Silas Marner (1861) Generations of high school students have been spoiled for George Eliot by being forced to read 'Silas Marner' at a tender age. One can imagine a whole new readership for her if grown-ups were left to approach 'Middlemarch' and 'Daniel Deronda' with open minds, at their leisure. --Katha Pollitt, 'Why We Read: Canon to the Right of Me...', The Nation, December 5, 1992
Three stars: Middlemarch: a Study of Provincial Life (1871-72) Surely George Eliot knew exactly what it takes actually to *do* a great work, not just to *dream* greatly, and she hasn't endowed her heroine with those capacities. --Eva Brann, The Appreciative Mode, review of 'The Moral Imagination: From Edmund Burke to Lionel Trilling' by Gertrude Himmelfarb, Claremont Review of Books, Winter 2006/07, p. 46
Daniel Deronda (1876)

Herman MELVILLE (1819-1891) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Samson | Bottum | Kaplan
Typee (1846)
Three stars: Moby Dick; or, The Whale (1851) Criticism: Harding ...the white whale that Captain Ahab hunts not only is the beast that bit off his leg, but also symbolizes all the evil and negative aspects of existence. It is a primal, demonic force in the universe against which Ahab, like a modern Prometheus, hurls his defiance and struggles to the bitter end. --Seymour Cain, Imaginative Literature II: From Cervantes to Dostoevsky (1962), p.140 True story, recounted to me by a classmate and friend: English T.A.: 'Was anyone in this class disturbed, as I was, by the absence of women characters in this book?' Student, frustrated by weeks of this sort of thing: 'What do you expect, it's a book [Moby Dick] about whaling! There were no female whalers!' ----David Bernstein, The Volokh Conspiracy, March 27, 2008 at 10:18pm Captain Ahab’s obsession with the white whale leads to complete nautical disaster in this novel, as the vengeful protagonist finally bites off more than he can chew. Do you think Ahab should have taken a page out of “Jaws” and gotten a bigger boat? --Joe Queenan, There Will Be a Quiz, New York Times, April 6, 2008 --
Bartleby the Scrivener (collected in The Piazza Tales 1856)
The Piazza Tales (1856)
Clarel (1876)
Collected Poems
One star: Billy Budd (1924)

Theodor FONTANE (1819-1898) Etext: Reference: post
One star: Effi Brest (1895)

Emily Jane BRONTE (1818-1848) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Scharper
Two stars: Wuthering Heights (1847) a remarkable first novel which springs from the dour people and countryside around Haworth and the moors where Emily spent her life. --Philip Ward, A Lifetime's Reading (1982) p. 40 If Heathcliff had fallen in love with Jane Eyre or Elizabeth Bennet instead of Cathy, do you think his house would have burned down? --Joe Queenan, There Will Be a Quiz, New York Times, April 6, 2008 --
Poems Etext: The Old Stoic

Karl MARX (1818-1883) Etext: Reference: Criticism: post Marx achieved an improbable synthesis between the Hegelian metaphysic of history, the Jacobin interpretation of the Revolution, and the pessimistic theory of the market economy developed by British authors. --Raymond Aron, The Opium of the Intellectuals (1957), p. 311 In the Marxist view, the old communal frame, within which men had found security, has now been destroyed. Marx's importance lies not merely in his diagnosis of the processes leading to that destruction, but primarily in his prophecy of a new form of community. --Philip Rieff, The Triumph of the Therapeutic: Uses of Faith After Freud (1966) p. 71 Friedrich Engels ... held that Marx was extending Darwin's work (that Marx was scientific in the way that Darwin was) into the realm of society. --Jeffrey L. Kasser, Philosophy of Science, Lecture 2: Popper and the Problem of Demarcation, The Teaching Company He showed precisely how to overthrow the existing order, but he did not say how matters should proceed thereafter. He simply presumed that with the expropriation of the ruling class, with the fall of political power and the socialization of means of production, the new Jerusalem would be realized. --Pope Benedict XVI, 'On Christian Hope' (Spe Salvi) 21, November 30, 2007
Three stars: Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848) [with Friedrich ENGELS]
Capital: A Critical Analysis (1867)
Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's "Philosophy of Right"
Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy This critique begins with the misperceptions the system imposes on those who have not learned to penetrate its facade, and who therefore remain at the level of its surface manifestations. Marx's first purpose is to show how the everyday concepts by which we seek to elucidate society--concepts such as 'labor' or 'capital'--are, in fact, deceiving outward appearances that we must learn to pierce, if we are to understand the actual processes of social existence. --Robert L. Heilbroner, 'Marxism: For and Against' (1980) p. 17
Critique of the Gotha Program
The German Ideology [with Friedrich ENGELS]

Ivan Sergeyevich TURGENEV (1818-1883) Etext: post
One star: First Love (1860)
Two stars: Fathers and Sons (1862)
A Sportsman's Notebook
A Month in the Country
On the Eve
First Love

James Anthony FROUDE (1818-1894) Etext: The Online Books Page
A History of England (1856-1870)

Henry David THOREAU (1817-1862) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: Thoreau home page Criticism: Robinson
Letter to Mr. B (Mar. 27, 1848)
Two stars: Resistance to Civil Government (1849)
Three stars: Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854) ...a distinctively American version of pastoral. --Leo Marx, 'The Full Thoreau', The New York Review of Books, Vol. XLVI No. 12, July 15, 1999 p. 45
The Christian Fable
Journal
Life without Principle
Natural History of Massachusetts
Plea for Captain John Brown
Walking
A Week on the Concord and Marrimack Rivers
Poems
Essays

Theodor STORM (1817-1888) Etext: Reference: post
Immensee
Poems

Frederick DOUGLASS (1817?-1895) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Tuttleton
One star: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas (1845)

Charlotte BRONTE (1816-1855) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Herbert | Wallace | Scharper | see Gaskell instead of it being supposed that Cinderella has the advantage of physical beauty over the Ugly Sisters, it is supposed (as an absolute and more magical story) that it is they who are beautiful, and she who is ugly, though possessed of an invisible talisman of spiritual quality which wholly annuls the disadvantage. --Rebecca West, Charlotte Bronte, from The Great Victorians (H. J. and Hugh Massingham, eds. 1932), in The Essential Rebecca West, p. 429
Two stars: Jane Eyre (1847)
Villette

Philip James BAILEY (1816-1902) Reference: Wikipedia
Festus: A Poem (1839)

George BOOLE (1815-1864) Reference: HMA
Laws of Thought (1854)

Richard Henry DANA (1815-1882) Etext: The Online Books Page
One star: Two Years Before the Mast (1840)

Anthony TROLLOPE (1815-1882) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Bower | Kimball I once infuriated an acquaintance by asserting that Trollope, although in many ways a lesser writer than Dickens, possessed some wonderful qualities that Dickens lacked: a more realistic view of women, a more skeptical view of good intentions, a subtler sense of humor, a drier vision of life which I myself found congenial. --Katha Pollitt, 'Why We Read: Canon to the Right of Me...', The Nation, December 5, 1992 The political world portrayed by Trollope is one in which breeding, particularly aristocracy, and money take precedence over ability. --P. D. James, The Political Novels of Anthony Trollope, The Salisbury Review, Spring 2007, p. 30
One star: The Warden
One star: The Last Chronicle of Barset
The Eustace Diamonds
One star: The Way We Live Now
Autobiography
Orley Farm
The Palliser Novels

Mikhail LERMONTOV (1814-1841) Etext: The Online Books Page
Narrative Poems
A Hero of Our Time Criticism: Vyas

Mikhail A. BAKUNIN (1814-1876) Reference: Wikipedia
Philosophical Considerations

J. L. MOTLEY (1814-1877) Etext: The Online Books Page
The Rise of the Dutch Republic (1856)

Georg BUCHNER (1813-1837)
Danton's Death
Woyzeck

Soren KIERKEGAARD (1813-1855) Etext: The Online Books Page Study: McInerny Criticism: Neuhaus | Kramer | Dusza Humor: Kierkegaard in '08 American Christianity has a lot in common with the Christianity in Kierkegaard's Copenhagen, insofar as it has become more of an ideology justifying middle-class living. --Rod Dreher, 'The politics of God', Sunday August 19, 2007 3:00pm Crunchy Con
One star: Either/Or (1843)
Fear and Trembling (1843)
Philosophic Fragments (1844)
Stages on Life's Way (1845)
Concluding Unscientific Postscript (1846)
Works of Love (1847)
The Sickness Unto Death (1849)
Training in Christianity (1850)
Journals

Claude BERNARD (1813-1878)
One star: Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865)

Richard WAGNER (1813-1883) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Hewett
The Ring of the Nibelung (Der Ring des Nibelungen): The Rhinegold (Das Rheingold 1854); The Valkyrie (Die Walküre 1856); Siegfried (1871); Twilight of the Gods (Gotterdammerung 1874)

Charles DICKENS (1812-1870) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: Criticism: post whose fourteen novels constitute the central tradition of English fiction. --Philip Ward, A Lifetime's Reading (1982) p. 23
Three stars: The Pickwick Papers (1837)
Oliver Twist (1839)
Nicholas Nickleby (1839)
The Old Curiosity Shop (1841)
One star: A Christmas Carol (1843)
Martin Chuzzlewit (1844)
Dombey and Son (1848)
Two stars: David Copperfield (1850) No one, at any rate no English writer, has written better about childhood than Dickens. --George Orwell, 'Charles Dickens' (1939)
Two stars: Bleak House (1853)
Two stars: Hard Times (1854) The best description of the divorce of work and family, and its effect on both, is probably Charles Dickens's 1854 novel 'Hard Times.' --Peter F. Drucker, 'Beyond the Information Revolution', The Atlantic Monthly, October 1999, p. 48
One star: Little Dorritt (1857)
A Tale of Two Cities (1859)
One star: Great Expectations (1861)
One star: Our Mutual Friend (1866) Once again, individual kindliness is the remedy for everything. --George Orwell, 'Charles Dickens' (1939)
The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870)

Aleksandr HERZEN (1812-1870)
My Past and Thoughts
From the Other Shore

James VERY (1812-1880)
Essays and Poems

Edward LEAR (1812-1888) Etext: The Online Books Page
Complete Nonsense

Robert BROWNING (1812-1889) Etext: The Online Books Page
Two stars: The Ring and the Book (1868-69)
One star: How They Brought the Good News
Abi Vogler
One star: Andrea Del Sarto
One star: Bishop Blougram's Apology
One star: A Death in the Desert
One star: A Grammarian's Funeral
One star: The Inn Album
One star: Paracelsus
One star: Pippa Passages
One star: Rabbi Ben Ezra
One star: Shop
Meeting at Night
Home-Thoughts, from Abroad
Home-Thoughts, from the sea
Meeting at Night
Porphyra's Lover
My Last Duchess
A Woman's Last Word
The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church
A Toccata of Galuppi's (1855)
The Last Ride Together
Prospice

Ivan Alexandrovich GONCHAROV (1812-1891) Etext: Criticism: post
One star: Oblomov (1859) ...an attack on the lazy landowners who thoughtlessly relied on the labour of others. --Philip Ward, A Lifetime's Reading (1982) p. 140
The Frigate Pallada

William Makepeace THACKERAY (1811-1863) Etext: Study: post
Two stars: Vanity Fair (1847-48)
The End of the Play
The History of Henry Esmond
The Virginians
Pendennis

Theophile GAUTIER (1811-1822) Etext: The Online Books Page
Mademoiselle de Maupin
Enamels and Cameos

Harriet Beecher STOWE (1811-1896) Etext: The Online Books Page
One star: Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)

Eugenie de GUERIN (1810-1839)
Journal ["The Green Notebook"] (1861)

Alfred de MUSSET (1810-1857) Etext: post
Poems
Lorenzaccio

Elizabeth Cleghorn GASKELL (1810-1865) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: The Gaskell Web
The Life of Charlotte Bronte (1857)
Cranford
Mary Barton
North and South

John BROWN (1810-1882) Etext: The Online Books Page
Horae Subsecivae (1859)

Edgar Allan POE (1809-1849) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Hirshfield Three fifths of him genius and two fifths sheer fudge. --James Russell Lowell
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838) blazed the trail leading to what is now called science fiction. --Clifton Fadiman, The Lifetime Reading Plan (1960), p. 123
One star: William Wilson (1839) In his strange and morbid stories we find many anticipations of modern psychology, including the motif of the death wish and that of the split personality... --Clifton Fadiman, The Lifetime Reading Plan (1960), p. 124
Two stars: The Fall of the House of Usher (1839)
Two stars: The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) he not only invented the detective story but practically exhausted its possibilities. --Clifton Fadiman, The Lifetime Reading Plan (1960), p. 123
Two stars: The Gold Bug (1843)
Two stars: The Purloined Letter (1844)
Two stars: The Cask of Amontillado (1846)
Eureka (1848)

Nikolai Vasilievich GOGOL (1809-1852) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Morson
One star: Dead Souls (1922-1923) Criticism: Westphalen | Byatt
The Complete Tales
The Government Inspector

Abraham LINCOLN (1809-1865) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: The Abraham Lincoln Association | The Papers of Abraham Lincoln Criticism: post
Speech on the Mexican War (January 12, 1848)
Speech at Peoria, Illinois (October 6, 1854)
Speech at Springfield, Illinois (June 26, 1857)
First Inaugural Address
Annual Message to Congress (December 3, 1861)
One star: The Gettysburg Address (1863)
Speech to the National Urban League Delegation (June 9, 1864)
Second Inaugural Address (March 4, 1865) Mr. Lincoln, that was a sacred effort. --Frederick Douglass
Address at Cooper Institute
Address at Sanitary Fair (Baltimore, Maryland)
Reply to New York Workingmen's Democratic Republican Association
Abraham LINCOLN and Stephen A. DOUGLAS (1813-1861)
Political Debates...in the Celebrated Campaign of 1858, in Illinois (1860) ...an introduction to the mind of the greatest statesman in the history of democracy, and to the central event in our democracy, and to this idea: Democracy, when understood merely as popular sovreignty, is understood primitively. --George F. Will, 'We are what we read, so here's Will's 10 best,' The Milwaukee Journal, June 28, 1984, Part 1, p. 19

Pierre Joseph PROUDHON (1809-1865) Etext: The Online Books Page
What Is Property? or an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government (1840) in his case definite economic error is much more in evidence than it is with most of the other classics of anarchism who despised economic argument and, whether stressing the idea of free and stateless co-operation of individuals or the task of destruction to be accomplished to make way for it, avoided errors of reasoning largely by avoiding reasoning. --Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (3rd ed. 1950) Ch. XXIV p. 307

Charles DARWIN (Charles Robert Darwin 1809-1882) Etext: Reference: Criticism: post Reference: Times Topics It has often been remarked that the phrase that best summarizes Darwinism (even though Herbert Spencer used it first) is a tautology: survival of the fittest. Who survives? The fittest. Who are the fittest? Those who survive. -D. T. Max, 'Two Cheers for Darwin', The American Scholar, Spring 2003, p. 69
Two stars: The Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle (1845)
Four stars: The Origin of Species (1859) (6th Ed., 1882) full title: On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life The theory of Darwin, true or not, is not necessarily atheistic; on the contrary, it may simply be suggesting a larger idea of Divine Providence and Skill. --John Henry Newman (1868) Darwin's theory of the origin of species, and especially of *Homo sapiens* ... has been subject to continuous attack not only by theologians and moralists but also by biologists of various schools and methods. There is still much dispute as to how far Darwin was right. There is no question about the immensity of his contribution to knowledge. --V. J. McGill, Biology, Psychology, and Medicine (1963), p. 184 Charles Darwin not only wrote hundreds of letters to promote his theory of evolution, a team of renowned proponents vigorously promoted his ideas too--close friends of Darwin who 'instinctively moved together.' --Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert I. Sutton, Hard Facts, Dangerous Half-truths & Total Nonsense: Profiting from Evidence-based Management, p. 230 by discovering evolution, Charles Darwin, a respectable Victorian, probably did more damage to religious faith than any priest-hating revolutionary. --The Economist, 'Stop in the name...', November 3, 2007, A special report on religion and public life, p. 19
The Descent of Man (1871) full title: The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex What we have here is nothing less than a natural history of morals--a theory of how the moral sense developed, based on observations of animal life, and the connected inferences and hypotheses. --Seymour Cain, Ethics: The Study of Moral Values (1962), p. 280
Autobiography (1887)

Alexander William KINGLAKE (1809-1891)
Eothen (1844)

One star: Alfred, Lord TENNYSON (1809-1892) Etext: The Online Books Page
Idylls of the King (1859) 'Bertie, do you read Tennyson?' 'Not if I can help.' --P. G. Wodehouse, 'Right Ho, Jeeves', Chapter 23
One star: In Memoriam (1850)
One star: Morte d’Arthur
One star: Sir Galahad
One star: The Charge of the Light Brigade
One star: The Revenge
Crossing the Bar
Flowers in the Crannied Wall
Guinevere
Locksley Hall
Locksley Hall Sixty Years After
The Lotus Eaters
Of old sat Freedom on the heights
The Princess
To Virgil
Ulysses

Oliver Wendell HOLMES (1809-1894) Etext: The Online Books Page
The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table (1857)
The Chambered Nautilus
Old Ironsides

Gerard de NERVAL (1808-1858)
The Chimeras Etext: Epstein
Sylvie
Aurelia

Louis AGASSIZ (Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz 1807-1873) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: Aber Agassiz insists that ancient animals resemble to a certain extent the embryos of recent animals of the same classes; or that the geological succession of extinct forms is in some degree parallel to the embryological development of recent forms. --Charles Darwin, 'The Origin of Species' (1859), Ch. X
Studies on Glaciers (1840)

Henry Wadsworth LONGFELLOW (1807-1882) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Derbyshire
A Psalm of Life
The Light of Stars
Hymn to the Night
Footsteps of Angels
The Wreck of the Hesperus
The Village Blacksmith
Serenade
The Rainy Day
The Day is Done
The Bridge
Resignation
Children
The Building of the Ship
My Lost Youth
The Fiftieth Birthday of Agassiz
The Children’s Hour
Paul Revere’s Ride
Killed at the Ford
Evangeline

John Greenleaf WHITTIER (1807-1892) Etext: The Online Books Page Reference: LitWeb
One star: Randolph of Roanoke
One star: Barclay of Ury
One star: The Barefoot Boy
One star: The Pipes at Lucknow
One star: Barbara Frietchie

John Stuart MILL (1806-1873) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: post
A System of Logic (1843) saw logic as an investigative tool for the analysis of all philosophical issues. All empirical knowledge of the external world was to be gained through a process of inductive logic. --Byron E. Wall, 'John Venn, James Wood and the Chair of Mental Philosophy and Logic at the University of Cambridge, Journal of the History of Ideas, January 2007, p. 132
One star: Principles of Political Economy (1848) full title: Principles of Political Economy, with some of their applications to Social Philosophy John Stuart Mill By a mighty effort of will, Overcame his natural bonhomie and wrote 'Principles of Political Economy'. --Edmund Clerihew Bentley
Three stars: On Liberty (1859) There may be no entirely satisfactory answer to this question, but some determination of what is private and what is public is necessary to determine the proper scope of government and the sphere of individual liberty. --Peter Wolff, The Development of Political Theory and Government (1959), p. 207 in the first lines ... he sets aside with open disdain the question of free will, to ask instead the question of 'Civil, or Social Liberty.' --Joseph Bottum, Death and Politics, First Things, June/July 2007, p. 26
One star: Considerations on Representative Government (1861) ...the first great work of political theory which argues for the proposition that democracy is the ideal form of government. --Peter Wolff, The Development of Political Theory and Government (1959), p. 177
One star: Utilitarianism (1863) According to it, behavior conforming to that principle was not merely the only rational and justifiable but *ipso facto* also the 'natural' one. This proposition is the bridge between the otherwise very different theories of Bentham and Rousseau's *contrat social*... --Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (3rd ed. 1950) Ch. XX pp. 248-249 The utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill arose out of a markedly different intellectual environment, and was more closely related to the empirical philosophy of a David Hume than to the metaphysical vision of a Plato. Because of this accord with the modern temper, utilitarianism had a decisive effect on ethical, social, and political thought in the past century and a half, as well as on social and political developments. --Seymour Cain, Ethics: The Study of Moral Values (1962), p. 258 Utilitarinism is a civilization of production and of use, a civilization of things and not of persons, a civilization in which persons are used in the same way things are used. --John Paul II, Letter to Families, 13
One star: Autobiography (1873)
One star: The Subjection of Women (1873)
Inaugural Address at St. Andrews
Nature
Review of Tocqueville's Democracy in America

George FITZHUGH (1806-1881) Etext: The Online Books Page
Sociology for the South

Alexis de TOCQUEVILLE (Alexis Charles Henri Maurice Clerel de Tocqueville 1805-1859) Etext: Reference: Criticism: post
Letter to Eugene Stoffels (Feb. 21, 1835)
One star: Democracy in America (1835-40)
Journey to America (1831-1832, translated by George Lawrence 1960)

Hans Christian ANDERSEN (1805-1875) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: Berdichevsky | Philip | Hughes | Mullen
Andersen's Fairy Tales (1835)

Thomas WADE (1805-1875)
Poems

Nathaniel HAWTHORNE (1804-1864) Etext: The Online Books Page Criticism: post
One star: The Minister's Black Veil (Twice-Told Tales 1837)
One star: Young Goodman Brown (Mosses from an Old Manse 1846, 1854)
One star: Rappaccini's Daughter (Mosses from an Old Manse 1846, 1854)
One star: The Birthmark (Mosses from an Old Manse 1846, 1854)
Two stars: The Scarlet Letter (1850)
The Marble Faun (1860) Criticism: Lowell
American Notebooks (edited by Sophia Hawthorne 1883)

Ludwig Andreas FEUERBACH (1804-1872)
The Essence of Christianity (1841)

Eduard MORIKE (1804-1875)
Selected Poems
Mozart on His Way to Prague

George SAND (1804-1876) Etext: Criticism: post
The Haunted Pool

Thomas Lovell BEDDOES (1803-1849) Reference: LitWeb
Death's Jest Book
Poems

Hector BERLIOZ (1803-1864)
Memoirs Determined to avoid a kiss-and-tell confession, Berlioz refracted his life through his art. --James Marcus, Atlantic Monthly, March 2002, p. 122

George BORROW (1803-1881) Etext: The Online Books Page
The Bible in Spain (1834)
Lavengro (1851)
The Romany Rye (1857)

Ralph Waldo EMERSON (1803-1882) Etext: The Online Books Page | Emerson: Essays Reference: Holmes Criticism: Fromm | Bloom | Robinson | McClay | Tuttleton
Letter to Thomas Carlyle (October 7, 1835)
One star: Nature (1836) In the nineteenth century, Emerson was still living off the crumbs of the Puritan heritage, even as he discarded the last vestiges of Puritan doctrine. --Peter J. Leithart, The Nature of America, review of 'From Nature to Experience: The American Search for Cultural Authority', by Roger Lundin, First Things, March 2007, p. 46
One star: The American Scholar (1837)
Concord Hymn (1837)
War (March 1838)
Address to the Harvard Divinity School (July 15, 1838)
Literary Ethics (1838)
Demonology (1839)
Man the Reformer (January 25, 1841)
The Conservative (December 9, 1841)
Two stars: Essays (Essays: First Series History, Self-Reliance(also: Understanding 'Self-Reliance'), Compensation, Spiritual Laws, Love, Friendship, Prudence, Heroism, The Over-Soul, Circles, Intellect, Art 1841; Essays: Second Series The Poet, Experience, Character, Manners, Gifts, Nature, Politics, Nominalist and Realist, New England Reformers 1844)
New England Reformers (1844)
Give All to Love (1846)
The Rhodora (Poems 1847)
One star: Representative Men (1849)
One star: English Traits (1856)
Illusions (Atlantic Monthly November 1857)
Considerations by the Way (The Conduct of Life 1860)
Culture (The Conduct of Life 1860)
Fate (The Conduct of Life 1860)
Wealth (The Conduct of Life 1860)
Worship (The Conduct of Life 1860)
Boston Hymn (January 1, 1863)
Terminus (1866)
The Informing Spirit (May-Day and Other Pieces 1867)
Works and Days (Society and Solitude 1870)
Poetry and Imagination (1872; Letters and Social Aims 1883)
Journals [1819-1874]
Threnody (Early Poems of Ralph Waldo Emerson 1899)
Brahms
Books
Civilization
Success Criticism: misattributed to Emerson per The Ralph Waldo Emerson Society
Poems Criticism: Brownson
The Portable Emerson (anthology 1946)

Alexandre DUMAS (1802-1870) Etext: Literature Network: | The Online Books Page
Memoirs (1852-54)

Victor Marie HUGO (1802-1885) Etext: Criticism: post
One star: Les Miserables (1862)
One star: The Hunchback of Notre Dame or Notre-Dame of Paris (1831)
The Distance, The Shadows; Selected Poems ...talking poetry with Hugo is like talking theology with the Lord God. --Theophile Gautier
William Shakespeare
The Toilers of the Sea
The End of Satan
God

John Henry NEWMAN (1801-1890) Etext: The Online Books Page Study: McInerny Reference: Newman Reader | Cardinal Newman Society Criticism: post
One star: Apologia pro Vita Sua (1864)
The Dream of Gerontius
Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine
Idea of a University
Lecture on Anglican Difficulties
The Grammar of Assent

< 1751-1800 | 1826-1850 >



Revised January 4, 2009.

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